P O P U L A T I O N G E N E T I C S O F P O L Y P L O I D P O P U L A T I O N S 41 In animals, whole-genome duplicationĮvents have coincided with the origin of vertebrates, Species show signs of ancient genome duplications (Arabidopsis, Blanc et al.
In plants and yeast, early genome-sequencing projects revealed that numerous diploid Even organisms that are now genetically diploid often have a Although polyploidy is much rarer in the animal kingdom than in plants, there are numerous examples of polyploid invertebrates, fish and amphibiansĬorrespondence: France Dufresne, Fax: 41 Į-mail: & Mable 2005 Mable et al. Polyploidy is a prominent feature of plant genomes (TateĮt al. Received 26 July 2013 revision received 29 October 2013 accepted 30 October 2013 Studies that test what kinds of biases could result from both existing and novel In addition, there is a need for more simulation-based Molecular approaches that allow efficient dosage determination, and to further development of analytical approaches to circumvent dosage uncertainty and to accommodate This leads us to conclude that for advancing the field of polyploid population genetics, most priority should be given to development of new These problems are in most cases directly associa ted with dosage uncertainty and the problem of inferring allele frequencies and assumptions The approaches that have been used for population genetic analysis in polyploids and Populations: that is, allele dosage determination, null alleles, difficulty of distinguishing orthologues from paralogues and copy number variation. Length polymorphism, microsatellites, Sanger sequencing, next-generation sequencingĪnd derived technologies) and their challenges associated with their use in polyploid We review commonly used molecular tools (amplified fragment This review aims to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art in polyploid population genetics and to identify the main areas where further development of molecular techniques and statistical Furthermore, many of the standard tools for population genetics that have beenĭeveloped for diploids are often not feasible for polyploids. Loci, mixed inheritance patterns, association between ploidy and mating system variation). These gaps arise from the complex nature of polyploid data (e.g. Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UKĭespite the importance of polyploidy and the increasing availability of new genomicĭata, there remain important gaps in our knowledge of polyploid population genetics. University of Konstanz, Konstanz, D 78457, Germany, ‡Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON,Ĭanada, N1G 2W1, §Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and *Departement de Biologie, Universite du Quebec a Rimouski, Quebec, QC, Canada, G5L 3A1, †Department of Biology, State-of-the-art molecular and statistical toolsį R A N C E D U F R E S N E, * M A R C S T I F T, † R O L A N D V E R G I L I N O ‡ and B A R B A R A K. Of polyploid organisms: an overview of current Recent progress and challenges in population genetics
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